![]() ![]() Now, decades of clinical studies have established that blood glucose levels are sensitive to exercise timing, intensity, duration, and frequency. More recently, before the insulin era began, doctors had been prescribing exercise for diabetes. The value of exercise in keeping body and mind in good health was an article of faith among physicians of the time of Hippocrates. Exercising in this manner does not violate any of the current guidelines, which encourage exercise any time. Physical activity is the one tool they may readily utilize to tame postmeal glucose surges. Promoting the kind of physical activity that best counters postmeal hyperglycemia is crucial because hundreds of millions of diabetes patients living in developing countries and in the pockets of poverty in the West must do without medicines, supplies, and special diets. On the other hand, high-intensity exercise (>80% VO 2max) causes wide glucose fluctuations and its feasibility and efficacy for glucose regulation remain to be ascertained. Adding a short bout of resistance exercise of moderate intensity (60%–80% VO 2max) to the aerobic activity, 2 or 3 times a week as recommended by the current guidelines, may also help with the lowering of glucose surges. Exercising at other times could lead to glucose elevation caused by counterregulation. The results show that a light aerobic exercise for 60 min or moderate activity for 20–30 min starting 30 min after meal can efficiently blunt the glucose surge, with minimal risk of hypoglycemia. This review seeks to synthesize data on the timing, intensity, and duration of exercise found scattered over some 39 studies spanning 3+ decades into optimal exercise conditions for controlling postmeal glucose surges.
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